8-Participle Adjectives
Participles
A participle is a word that forms an adjective when added to verb root.
a) Active Adjective Forming Participle
The active adjective forming participle is the suffix “-ga”, also known as the present continuous tense indicator. When added to verb root, it makes the verb an active adjective.
Examples:
Chega : playing (active adjective)
Chae chega Artu : A playing Child
Analysis ; Chae : one/a (adjective)
che- : the verb root of the infinitive verb “che-ke” : “to play”
-ga : Active adjective forming participle
Artu : Child (noun)
Giga : visiting (active adjective)
Qua giga Niaja : That visiting teacher
Analysis ; Qua : that (demonstrative adjective)
gi- : the verb root of the infinitive verb “gi-ke” : “to visit”
-ga : Active adjective forming participle
Niaja : teacher (noun)
Kuaga : working (active adjective)
Enne kuaga Arta : Poor working man
Analysis ; Enne : poor (adjective)
kua- : the verb root of the infinitive verb “kua-ke” : “to work”
-ga : Active adject forming participle
Arta : man (noun)
b) Passive Adjective Forming Participle
The passive adjective forming participle is the passive status indicator “ka”. When added in front of the verb root, it makes the verb an passive adjective.
Examples:
Kafea : broken (passive adjective)
Chae kafea tutna : A broken door
Analysis ; Chae : one/a (adjective)
ka- : passive adject forming participle
-fea : the verb root of the infinitive verb “fea-ke” : “to break”
tutna : door (noun)
Kasoe : painted (passive adjective)
Woa kasoe Nuutan : My painted walls
Analysis ; woa : my (1.sing.person possessive adjective)
ka- : passive adject forming participle
-soe : the verb root of the infinitive verb “soe-ke” : “to paint”
nuutan : walls (noun)
More Examples:
Tuoga doga : the frightening dog
Katuo doga : the frightened dog
Chae kuaga min : a working mother
Chae ashanesh kavaa vaatna : a nicely written article.
Chae acuanesh kabue dar : a completely burnt house.
Chae aunzenesh kasoe ron : a newly painted room.
Chapter Test – 8
Please chose the correct translation. (Questions 1-5)
1- It is said that he will buy a newly decorated house.
a) Ka wamoe qua wanauta chae aunzenesh kadeko dar.
b) Ka wamoele qua wanauta chae aunzenesh kadeko dar.
c) Ka wamoe qua anauta chae aunzenesh kadeko dar.
d) Ka wamoe qua wanaule chae aunzenesh kadeko dar.
e) Ka wamoe qua wanauta chae aunzenesh dekoga dar.
2- Who will distribute the goods?
a) Choga ka wauata luatnan?
b) Chonar wauata luatnan?
c) Choga wauata luatna?
d) Choga wauaga luatnan?
e) Choga wauata luatnan?
3- Goods were distributed yesterday.
a) Luatnan ka nuua jule.
b) Luatnan ka nuuale meon.
c) Luatnan nuuale jule.
d) Luatna ka wauale jule.
e) Luatnan ka nuuale jule.
4- Distributed goods were there.
a) Kauale luatnan nukka shu.
b) Luatnan nukkale shu.
c) Kaua luatnan nukkale shu.
d) Kaua luatnan nukkale chu.
e) Kaua luatna wakkale shu.
5- Duega repa wakkale uqete, anauchale owa.
a) The healing medicine is expensive, I can not buy it.
b) The healing medicine was expensive, I could not buy it.
c) The healed medicine was expensive, I could not buy it.
d) The healing medicine was not expensive, I could buy it.
e) The healing medicine is expensive, he can not buy it.
6- He wrote the book.
a) Wavaale leetna. b) Wavaata leetna. c) Avaale leetna.
d) Wavaale leetnan. e) Kavaa leetna.
7- It was written by him.
a) Ka nuvaale di owa. b) Ka wavaale di oa.
c) Ka wavaale di owa. d) Wavaale di owa.
e) Kavaa di owa.
8- The written book was signed by him.
a) Kavaa leetna ka wasiale di owa. b) Kavaa leetnan ka nusiale di owa.
c) Kavaa leetna ka wasiale di onua. d) Kavaa leetna ka wasiale qenu owa.
e) Kavaa leetna wasiale di owa.
9- I wanted him to sign the book for me.
a) Anuele owa vaake leetna qenu oa. b) Anueta owa siake leetna qenu oa.
c) Nunuele owa siake leetna qenu oa. d) Anuele owa siake leetna qenu oa.
e) Anuele owa siake leetna qenu onua.
10- jumping cat / frightened dog
a) Jiega kume / tuoga doga b) Jiega doga / katuo kume c) Jiega kume / tuoga doga
d) Kajie kume / tuoga doga e) Jiega kume / katuo doga